Components of food (Part-3)

 Components of food (Part-3)

Q.22. What do we mean by Balanced diet?

Ans. The food we normally eat in a day is our diet. For growth and maintenance of good health, our diet should have all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities. Such a diet is called a balanced diet.

The diet should also contain a good amount of roughage and water.

Q.23. What basic factors are kept in mind while deciding Balanced diet for someone?

Ans. A balanced diet depends on the age of the person and also on the occupation of the person (type of work done by the person).

Q.23. A man doing hard physical work like a labourer or carpenter needs more carbohydrates in his diet than another man doing normal work. Why?

Ans. This is because he needs more energy for doing hard physical work, and this extra energy is supplied by including more of carbohydrates-rich foods in his diet.

Q.24. Write some pre-cooking practices which lead to the loss of nutrients in food materials.

Ans. Some pre-cooking practices which lead to the loss of some vitamins and minerals are:

  • The vegetables and fruits are washed after cutting or peeling them.
  • Taking off thick peels (the skins) of many vegetables & fruits.
  • Repeated washing of rice and pulses.

Q.25. State two beneficial effects of cooking food.

Ans. Cooking improves the taste of food and makes it easier to digest.

Q.26. Write some Cooking practices which lead to the loss of nutrients in food materials.

Ans. 

  • Cooking the food at high temperature. 
  • Throwing away water in which food is first boiled.

 Q.27. Which vitamin gets easily destroyed by heat during the cooking of food? How should it be consumed to prevent it from being destroyed?

Ans. Excessive heat destroys a major portions of vitamin C. So, we should include some fresh fruits and raw vegetables (as salad, etc.) in our food to get the required vitamin C. 

Q.28. What are deficiency diseases?

Ans. Diseases that occur due to lack of particular nutrients over a long period are called deficiency diseases.

Q.29. What are the cause and symptoms of the following disease? 

    i) kwashiorkar

    ii) marasmus

Ans. i) Kwashiorkar: If a person does not get enough proteins in his/her food for a long time, he/she is likely to have stunted growth, swelling of face, discolouration of hair, skin diseases and diarrhoea.

ii) Marasmus: If the diet is deficient in both carbohydrates and proteins for a long period of time, the growth may stop completely. Such a person becomes very lean and thin and so weak that he/she may not even be able to move.

Q.30. Tabulate some Vitamins/Minerals with their deficiency diseases/disorders and associated symptoms.

Ans.




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