Components of food (Part-2)
Components of food (Part-2)
Q.10. What are Proteins?
Ans.
- These are body building foods which help in growth and repair of body.
- They supply the body with materials to make new cells and repair the damaged body cells.
- Children need more proteins than adults because of rapid growth of their body.
Q.11. Draw some plant sources of Proteins.
Ans.
Q.12. Draw some animal sources of Proteins.
Ans.
Q.13. How will you test the presence of Proteins in any food item?
Ans. Take a small quantity of a food item for testing. If the food you want to test is a solid, you first need to make a paste of it or powder it. Grind or mash a small quantity of the food item. Put some of this in a clean test tube, add 10 drops of water to it and shake the test tube.
Now, using a dropper, add two drops of solution of copper sulphate and ten drops of solution of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) to the test tube. Shake well and let the test tube stand for a few minutes. A violet colour indicates presence of proteins in the food item.
Q.14. What are Vitamins?
Ans. Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases. Vitamins also help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.
Vitamins are required in small
amounts. Shortage or lack of vitamins may lead to illness.
Vitamins are of different kinds
known by different names. Some of these are Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D,
Vitamin E and K. There is also a group of vitamins called Vitamin B-complex.
- Vitamin A keeps our skin and eyes healthy.
- Vitamin B-complex helps in our brain, nerves and muscles function. It also helps the body to use energy from the food we eat.
- Vitamin C helps body to fight against many diseases.
- Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth. Our body also prepares Vitamin D in the presence of sunlight.
- Vitamin E helps our body to maintain general fitness and health.
- Vitamin K helps our body in blood clotting.
Q.15. Draw some sources of Vitamins.
Ans.
Q.16. What are Minerals?
Ans. Our body needs Minerals for its proper functioning, normal growth and good health.
Minerals are needed by our body in small amounts. Some of the important minerals needed by our body are:
- Iron: It is important for the formation of a red-coloured pigment called hemoglobin in our blood. This pigment is essential or transport of oxygen through blood. Blood is red due to presence of hemoglobin.
- Calcium: It is essential for the development of healthy bones and teeth.
- Phosphorus: It is also required for healthy bones and teeth.
- Iodine: It is essential for the normal functioning of the body, and its growth and development.
Water
is needed by our body :
(i) to transport digested food to the body
cells
(ii)
to transport important chemicals such as hormones around the body
(iii)
to get rid of waste products from the body
(iv)
to control and regulate the temperature of body
Q.19. How do we get most of the water needed by our body?
Ans.
- by drinking water, milk, tea, coffee, and juice, etc.
- The fresh fruits and vegetables also provide us a lot of water. For example, tomatoes, melons, cabbage and lettuce contain a lot of water.
- We also add water while cooking many food items. This water also goes into our body.
Q.20. What is Roughage? What is the function of roughage in our body?
Ans.
- Roughage is the fibrous matter in food which cannot be digested (mainly made of an indigestible carbohydrate called ‘cellulose’).
- Roughage has ‘no food value’.
- Roughage provides bulk to the food, keeps the food and waste matter (faeces) moving along the intestines and helps to prevent constipation (The difficulty in discharging hardened faeces from the body is called constipation).
Q.21. Name some sources of Roughage.
Ans. Roughage is mainly provided by plant products in our foods. Whole grains and pulses, potatoes, fresh fruits and vegetables are main sources of roughage.
